Hot and dry weather on Sunday added to the challenges facing California firefighters battling to keep flames from driving further into a grove of ancient sequoias, where the base of the world’s tallest tree has been wrapped in protective foil.
Fire officials warned that stronger winds were contributing to “critical fire conditions” in the area of the KNP Complex, two lightning-sparked fires that merged on the western side of Sequoia National Park in the Sierra Nevada.
The National Weather Service (NWS) issued a red flag warning through Sunday, saying gusts and lower humidity could create conditions for rapid wildfire spread.
Historic drought tied to climate change is making wildfires harder to fight and has killed millions of trees in California alone. Scientists say climate change has made the west much warmer and drier in the past 30 years and will continue to make weather more extreme and wildfires more frequent and destructive.
More than 7,000 wildfires in California this year have damaged or destroyed more than 3,000 homes and other buildings and torched well over 3,000 sq miles of land, according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.
Fires forced the evacuation of Sequoia National Park last week, along with parts of Three Rivers, a foothill community of about 2,500 people. Crews have been bulldozing a line between the fire and the community. More than 34 sq miles of forest land have been blackened.
The National Park Service said on Friday flames had reached the westernmost tip of the Giant Forest, scorching a group of sequoias known as the “Four Guardsmen” that mark the entrance to the grove of 2,000 trees.
Firefighters wrapped the base of the General Sherman Tree, along with other trees in the Giant Forest, in a type of aluminum that can withstand high heat. The Four Guardsmen received the same treatment. A fire spokeswoman, Katy Hooper, said it wasn’t clear how those trees had fared.
The General Sherman Tree is the largest in the world by volume, at 52,508 cubic ft, according to the National Park Service. It is 275ft high and has a circumference of 103ft at ground level.
Firefighters who were wrapping the base of the sequoias in foil and sweeping leaves and needles from the forest floor around the trees had to flee on Friday, Hooper said. They returned Saturday when conditions improved to continue the work and start a strategic fire along Generals Highway to protect the Giant Forest grove.
Giant sequoias are adapted to fire, which can help them thrive by releasing seeds from their cones and creating clearings that allow young trees to grow. But the extraordinary intensity of fires fueled by climate change can overwhelm the trees.
“Once you get fire burning inside the tree, that will result in mortality,” said Jon Wallace, operations section chief for the KNP Complex.
The fires have burned into several groves containing trees as tall as 200ft and 2,000 years old.
To the south, the Windy Fire grew to 28 sq miles on the Tule River Indian Reservation and in Giant Sequoia National Monument, where it has burned into the Peyrone grove of sequoias and threatens others.
The fire also had reached Long Meadow Grove, where the Trail of 100 Giant Sequoias is a national monument. Fire officials were not able to determine how much damage was done to the groves, which are in remote areas.
